Case study type: Observatorios y laboratorios

Llargavista observatory

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Llargavista observatory

Policies and regulations Governance Data and monitoring Evaluation and impact
Promotion and production Self-management Self-promotion Cooperatives Progressive housing Management and maintenance
Ownership and tenure Rental and temporary tenure Protection of social housing

Main objectives of the project

The Llargavista observatory consists of a website and an interactive map showing all registered cooperative housing initiatives in Catalonia (Spain), providing detailed information on each project obtained through questionnaires and interviews. Its objective is to disseminate the model and its evolution to all citizens in an accessible and understandable way.

Date

  • 2020: Implementation

Stakeholders

  • Promotor: Sostre Cívic
  • Coòpolis
  • Xarxa d'Economia Solidària
  • iLabSo
  • Risell

Location

Continent: Europe
City: Barcelona
Country/Region: Barcelona, Spain

Description

"Llargavista" means "long-term" in Catalan. This name is not accidental. The observatory seeks to map all cooperative housing in Catalonia, a nation within Spain, with the goal to make it a long-term solution for the housing crisis. Catalonia (and specifically Barcelona, its capital) has been a pioneer in a specific type of cooperative housing with “the right to use”. That is to say, the administration cedes the land in surface right to a cooperative, which constructs the building. After the period agreed with the cooperative, the building becomes public property. Thus, the cooperative never owns the land, but it does own the building for a certain agreed period of time. During that time, the people living in the housing must meet the requirements for access to public social housing and, in exchange for an entrance fee, be cooperative members. If they wish to leave the housing, they leave their share of the cooperative to whoever enters. The observatory monitors these initiatives.

This is an initiative promoted by Sostre Cívic, with the collaboration of Risell and iLabSo and the participation of the housing sector of the Xarxa d'Economia Solidària (XES) and the Cercle de transició ecosocial de Coòpolis. It is supported and financed by the General Directorate of Social Economy of the Generalitat de Catalunya and the Barcelona City Council. With the creation of this initiative, the aim is to observe the state and evolution of cooperative housing in cession of use throughout the country. At the same time, this tool is built with a long-term vision, to consolidate and grow cooperative housing as a transformative and non-speculative model of housing access and tenure.

The main objective is to carry out a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the cooperative housing sector in transfer of use, both of information related to the people and cohabitation units that participate, as well as the characteristics of the building or the project, and other elements of interest related to the project, such as economic and financial information or its social impact. This information, systematized and sustained over time, can be of interest to the cooperative housing sector, the academic world, public administrations and the media, among other agents. In addition, it aims to show the information in an accessible and understandable way in order to disseminate the model, the projects and their evolution to all citizens with a clearly informative function.

The main product of the observatory is a website and an interactive map that it incorporates, which shows all the registered cooperative housing initiatives in cession of use, with information on each project. The data is obtained through questionnaires answered by groups and projects throughout the country and through interviews with groups and various agents.

Links

Authors:

CSCAE Consejo Superior de los Colegios de Arquitectos de España

Apur interactive map on the evolution of social housing, Paris

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Apur interactive map on the evolution of social housing, Paris

Policies and regulations Governance Data and monitoring Public-private initiatives Participatory processes

Main objectives of the project

Apur has developed an interactive map enabling citizens to monitor the evolution and development of social housing in Paris. The primary objective is to track progress towards achieving the city's goal of reaching 25% of rented social housing by 2025. This tool empowers citizens to visualize the distribution and growth of social housing units across different areas of Paris, providing transparency and accountability in the city's urban development initiatives.

Date

  • 2019: Implementation

Stakeholders

  • Apur

Location

Continent: Europe
City: Paris
Country/Region: France, Paris

Description

Apur, the Paris Urbanism Agency, is a non-profit association established in 1967 that brings together 29 partners. It serves as a collaborative platform for forward-looking, multi-scale studies, documenting, analyzing, and envisioning the urban and societal evolution of Paris, the 12 areas covered by Greater Paris Public Territorial Establishments, and the Grand Paris Metropolis as a whole.

Apur offers a tool that allows users to track the evolution of the number of social housing units, as defined by the SRU law, in Paris and in each district from 2001 to 2019, based on official counts. According to the SRU law, social housing units are counted annually by the State and the City of Paris. The law sets a goal for Paris to have 25% of rented social housing among main residences by 2025. As of January 1, 2019 (the latest official count), 21.4% of Parisian main residences were social housing as defined by the SRU law, compared to 13.44% on January 1, 2001, the first year the SRU law was implemented.

The tool also provides access to the locations of all social housing production operations financed between 2001 and 2018. During this period, over 104,484 social housing units were financed in Paris, with 6,257 of these being new social housing units financed in 2018 alone.

Links

Authors:

CSCAE Consejo Superior de los Colegios de Arquitectos de España

Observatoire de l'habitat, Luxembourg

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Observatoire de l'habitat, Luxembourg

Mismatches
Policies and regulations Governance Data and monitoring Evaluation and impact

Main objectives of the project

Given the skyrocketing housing prices in Luxembourg, the Housing Observatory (Observatoire de l'habitat), established in 2003, plays a crucial role in informing housing policy and public awareness. It monitors property and land prices, analyzes housing dynamics, and studies socio-economic aspects of housing affordability. The Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research (LISER) partners with the Observatory to support its research and policy planning efforts.

Date

  • 2003: Implementation

Stakeholders

  • LISER (Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research)
  • Département du Logement du Ministère des Classes moyennes, du Tourisme et du Logement

Location

Continent: Europe
Country/Region: Luxembourg, Luxembourg

Description

Given the skyrocketing housing prices in Luxembourg, the establishment of a dedicated observatory has become crucial. In fact, Luxembourg has one of the most expensive housing markets in Europe. This poses a threat to its most vulnerable population. Thus, to solve it, the first step is to have the whole information about the housing situation.

In 2003, the Housing Observatory (Observatoire de l'habitat) was set up within the Housing Department of the Ministry of Small and Medium-sized Businesses, Tourism, and Housing to produce the information needed for effective housing policy planning and to inform the public about housing issues. Since its inception, its objective has been to collect, analyze, and disseminate information on housing. It also assists the Ministry of Housing and Spatial Planning in planning housing policy. The Housing Observatory is particularly responsible for monitoring property prices, rents, and land prices. Additionally, it analyzes land dynamics in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, conducts a census of building land for housing, and studies housing production dynamics. Furthermore, the Observatoire de l'Habitat examines the socio-economic aspects of housing issues, including housing affordability and the impact of public policies on housing costs.

The Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research (LISER) is a key partner of the Ministry of Housing and Spatial Planning in fulfilling the tasks of the Observatoire de l'Habitat. This public research center's mission is to conduct fundamental and applied research in the social sciences to advance knowledge, inform the actions of public authorities and socio-economic players, and educate society. Thus, as one of his objetives, is the responsible to collect and process the data of the Observatory. By doing so, a scientific approach is introduced to the Observatory. As a result, the open data can be consulted at their web regarding housing matters.

Links

Authors:

CSCAE Consejo Superior de los Colegios de Arquitectos de España

Système d'information géographique de la politique de la ville

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Système d'information géographique de la politique de la ville

Mismatches Vulnerable groups
Policies and regulations Governance Data and monitoring Evaluation and impact

Main objectives of the project

The "SIG de la politique de la ville" is an advanced online atlas that provides detailed statistical data and monitors policy implementation in France's priority urban regeneration neighborhoods, ensuring effective tracking of housing affordability and urban deprivation.

Date

  • 2015: Implementation

Stakeholders

  • Ministère de la Transition écologique et de la Cohésion des territoires
  • Agence nationale de la cohésion des territoires

Location

Continent: Europe
Country/Region: France

Description

France has long recognized the challenges faced by its vulnerable urban areas and has taken proactive measures to ensure housing affordability while addressing the social issues in its most deprived neighborhoods. To effectively implement these measures, access to reliable information is crucial. This need led to the creation of the “SIG de la politique de la ville.”

The “SIG de la politique de la ville” is an online atlas that compiles statistical and policy information about the “quartiers prioritaires de la politique de la ville” (Priority Zones for City Policies). These are areas identified for active urban regeneration policies.

Before 2014, two distinct urban policy priority areas coexisted: the regulatory area, which generated tax benefits (known as the ZUS area), and the contractual area, which generated funding (or “Cucs” area). These intervention methods did not necessarily overlap. The law on programming for cities and urban cohesion, enacted on February 21, 2014, reformed the geographic prioritization of urban policy. Using income as the sole criterion, new priority neighborhoods were identified in mainland France, La Réunion, and Martinique through a detailed territorial grid. This method was adapted for the overseas territories and revised in 2024.

As a result, 200 priority neighborhoods were identified by the decree of March 27, 2015, focusing on areas with significant urban dysfunctions, which became priorities for the new national urban renewal program. In 2024, a new delimitation process is underway.

The SIG system monitors the implementation of renewal programs and tracks the evolution of statistical data in these neighborhoods. On the website, users can select an address or region to see the priority neighborhoods within that area. By selecting these neighborhoods, users can access 1) basic statistical information on urban deprivation, 2) details of implemented plans, and 3) the progress of these plans.

This SIG tool is among the most advanced systems globally for tracking neighborhood affordability and deprivation.

Links

Authors:

CSCAE Consejo Superior de los Colegios de Arquitectos de España

HousingLab, Italy

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HousingLab, Italy

Policies and regulations Governance Data and monitoring Evaluation and impact Participatory processes
Promotion and production Self-management Self-promotion Cooperatives
Ownership and tenure Shared ownership

Main objectives of the project

HousingLab is a research, experimentation and development laboratory for collaborative and sustainable housing. It was born as a project of the Design and Innovation for Sustainability Unit of the Politecnico di Milano but it wants to be a laboratory that operates in and for society. It is a research lab but also a place that offers consulting services and coaching for public administrations, private builders and mostly for inhabitants and cooperatives. As an association, its objective is to foster good practices in the field of participatory and cooperative housing.

Date

  • 2014: Implementation

Stakeholders

  • HousingLab

Location

Country/Region: Italy

Description

HousingLab is an association dedicated to promoting best practices, sharing expertise, and fostering participatory experimentation in the field of social and collaborative housing. HousingLab focuses on various areas, including new housing models for diverse family structures, collaborative services for living, urban communities, public and private spaces, regeneration of existing housing contexts, and the social, environmental, and economic sustainability of both housing and relationships.

To achieve these goals, the Association plans to undertake the following non-profit activities:

a) Promote and organize cultural activities such as conferences, fairs, exhibitions, seminars, competitions, events, and visits related to social and collaborative housing.

b) Promote, organize, and provide training activities, including theoretical and practical courses, and workshops, even for non-members, in schools of all levels and universities.

c) Create a network of national and international stakeholders to share and exchange ideas and experiences on relevant topics. Through constructive dialogue, they aim to develop and disseminate best practices.

d) Publish and distribute articles, books, publications, and videos in both digital and print formats on the topic of social and collaborative housing.

One of its most important tools is the Map of Co-housings in Italy.This map geolocates various cohousing projects across the country, each accompanied by an informational sheet. The goal of the map is to provide an overview of the spread of cohousing in Italy. It aims to introduce this innovative way of living to newcomers and to connect existing projects. Moreover, they have the co-housing lab, where they help individuals who are willing to start their cohousing cooperative. Thanks to it, they have developed a toolkit to help future partners to face their decisions.

Links

Authors:

CSCAE Consejo Superior de los Colegios de Arquitectos de España

Global Program for Resilient Housing

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Global Program for Resilient Housing

Mismatches Climate change
Policies and regulations Data and monitoring Evaluation and impact
Promotion and production Innovation

Main objectives of the project

In the past 25 years, disasters have taken 1.3 million lives, with poor households in weak housing hit hardest. The Global Program for Resilient Housing identifies at-risk homes using technology and machine learning, facilitating retrofits through subsidies and private investment. This strategy helps governments save lives, protect investments, and strengthen economies by making housing more resilient to natural hazards.

Date

  • 2022: Implementation

Stakeholders

  • World Bank

Location

Country/Region:

Description

Over the past 25 years, natural disasters have claimed 1.3 million lives and caused extensive damage globally. From earthquakes in Latin America to cyclones in Southeast Asia, these events can strike any country, disproportionately affecting families in substandard housing.

The frequency, severity, and fatality of these disasters are increasing, particularly impacting the poor. Substandard housing with weak construction is especially vulnerable, leading to walls collapsing, roofs being torn off, and structures failing. The World Bank’s Unbreakable report highlights that the impacts of disasters and climate change are over twice as severe for poor households compared to others, as they often reside in the most vulnerable areas with weak housing standards and limited access to credit or insurance.

Enhancing the safety and resilience of housing can protect lives and livelihoods, contributing to sustainable communities. According to the World Bank’s Lifelines report, investing in resilient infrastructure in developing countries yields a net benefit of $4.2 trillion over the lifetime of new infrastructure, with a $4 return for every $1 invested. However, creating a comprehensive strategy for resilient housing presents significant technological and policy challenges.

The Global Program for Resilient Housing has developed a methodology to predict which houses are at the highest risk from natural hazards, identify which can be made safe in time, and connect them with government subsidies and private capital.

As housing resilience becomes a central part of strategies for governments and development institutions, the Global Program for Resilient Housing can help countries and cities secure economic investment, support local construction industries, spare communities from disaster trauma, and most importantly, save lives, all at a fraction of the cost and time.

The process involves five steps:

Step 1: Neighborhoods and houses in cities and communities are mapped using advanced technologies such as drones, street cameras, and machine learning algorithms.

Step 2: Engineers use machine learning to train computers to extract critical information—such as building materials, height, window count, and garage door openings—from images of the mapped areas. This information helps identify potentially vulnerable structures at risk of endangering families.

Step 3: The data is aggregated into a one-stop housing portal containing actionable knowledge for designing and implementing housing plans and activating construction, credit, and insurance markets. The Program team identifies areas of greatest risk, homes needing relocation, houses requiring detailed study, and structures suitable for cost-effective retrofitting.

Step 4: With actionable knowledge, policymakers can design housing subsidy programs to connect affected families with local construction or financial institutions or leverage World Bank loans to maximize finance for resilient housing. Retrofitting supports small and medium-sized construction and financial companies and offers families affordable alternatives to unsafe homes or relocating to unfamiliar areas. The Program adapts international best practices to local contexts to avoid common pitfalls.

Step 5: The Program team supports governments in promoting resilient housing to save lives, protect assets, and shield economies from increasing disaster risks.

Resilient housing offers a way to protect homes from natural hazards. The Program helps quantify the benefits of resilient housing, conducts rapid economic analyses to justify investments, and collaborates with countries, banks, and financial institutions to develop home improvement subsidy policies based on best practices.

This approach appeals to both housing ministers, who respond to disasters, and finance ministers, who fund reconstruction. They recognize that every dollar invested in strengthening infrastructure beforehand can save $10 in reconstruction costs. The program promotes home improvement initiatives that make resilience a central strategy.

Resilient housing safeguards family investments, which is crucial given that up to 90% of a family's life savings are typically invested in their home.

Links

Authors:

CSCAE Consejo Superior de los Colegios de Arquitectos de España

Housing Europe Observatory and The State of the Housing in Europe

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Housing Europe Observatory and The State of the Housing in Europe

Policies and regulations Data and monitoring Evaluation and impact

Main objectives of the project

The Housing Europe Observatory, it serves as a key resource for data, statistics, and best practices in public, cooperative, and social housing across the continent. Their biennial "State of Housing in Europe" report provides comprehensive insights into housing conditions continent-wide, with each edition focusing on a specific theme.

Date

  • 1998: Implementation

Stakeholders

  • Housing Europe

Location

Continent: Europe
Country/Region: Belgium, Brussels

Description

Housing Europe, the European Federation of Public, Cooperative, and Social Housing, has been a pivotal network since its establishment in 1988, comprising 42 national and regional federations, along with 15 partnering organizations across 31 European countries. Collectively, they oversee approximately 25 million homes, representing about 11% of the continent's existing dwellings. Their collective vision entails ensuring access to decent and affordable housing for all, fostering socially, economically, and environmentally sustainable communities that empower individuals to realize their full potential.

The Housing Europe Observatory, initiated over 25 years ago, serves as the research arm of the Federation and serves as a primary source for data, statistics, and key insights into public, cooperative, and social housing throughout Europe. The Observatory produces specialized reports covering various aspects such as social housing for young people, addressing vacant housing, financing social housing projects, and accommodating aging populations within social housing complexes. These reports are enriched with exemplary practices drawn from Housing Europe's partners.

A cornerstone of their research efforts is the biennial "State of Housing in Europe" report, which provides a comprehensive overview of housing conditions across European countries. Each edition focuses on a specific theme; for instance, the 2023 report delved into the role of public, cooperative, and social housing in facilitating a fair energy transition and mitigating the impacts of the current cost of living crisis on residents and communities.

Together, the Housing Europe Observatory and the "State of Housing in Europe" report serve as vital sources of information, offering unparalleled insights into the functioning and performance of the social housing sector across Europe.

Links

Authors:

CSCAE Consejo Superior de los Colegios de Arquitectos de España

OECD Affordable Housing Database

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OECD Affordable Housing Database

Policies and regulations Data and monitoring Evaluation and impact

Main objectives of the project

The OECD Affordable Housing Database (AHD) provides comprehensive insights into affordable housing across member countries, EU states, and key partners. Organized into three dimensions—housing market, conditions, and public policies—the AHD enables easy comparison of indicators like stock, prices, homelessness rates, and policy measures. This robust dataset aids policymakers in evaluating and improving access to affordable housing globally.

Date

Stakeholders

  • OECD

Location

Country/Region:

Description

The OECD stands out as one of the largest international organizations globally, championing growth and development and representing some of the world's most significant economies. Beyond its economic role, the OECD serves as a leading authority on policy analysis and data. Recognizing housing as a top priority for its members, the OECD has been advocating for a more comprehensive analysis of affordable housing realities.

In response to this need, the OECD Affordable Housing Database (AHD) was established. This database serves the dual purpose of enabling countries to monitor access to high-quality, affordable housing and enhancing the knowledge base for policy evaluation. It aggregates cross-national information from OECD countries, Key Partners, and EU member states.

The AHD organizes indicators across three main dimensions: housing market, housing conditions and affordability, and public policies related to affordable housing. Under the housing market dimension, indicators cover aspects such as housing stock, prices, and tenure distribution. The housing conditions dimension encompasses metrics ranging from overburden rates to the ability to maintain adequate warmth in housing, along with statistics on homelessness. The third dimension, public policies, focuses on variables such as the provision of social housing, subsidies, and regulatory frameworks.

Each indicator within the database offers data, relevant definitions, methodologies, and key findings. This structured approach allows for easy comparison of different countries and their respective affordable housing situations. Furthermore, the indicators address issues of comparability, data reliability, and may include raw data or descriptive information across countries.

In summary, the OECD Affordable Housing Database offers a reliable and comprehensive dataset on affordability within the world's most influential economies, facilitating informed policy decisions and international comparisons.

Links

Authors:

CSCAE Consejo Superior de los Colegios de Arquitectos de España

HACT Social Value Bank

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HACT Social Value Bank

Policies and regulations Governance Data and monitoring Evaluation and impact
Financing

Main objectives of the project

HACT, a UK charity, partners with housing sector organizations to enhance community benefits through innovative products and services. Central to their approach is the "Social Value Bank," aiding social housing providers in assessing their social return. The Teviot Estate redevelopment exemplifies this approach, with contractors committing to specific outcomes aligned with resident priorities. This groundbreaking methodology integrates social value throughout the regeneration process, ensuring meaningful impact.

Date

  • 2020: Implementation

Stakeholders

  • HACT

Location

Continent: Europe
Country/Region: United Kingdom

Description

HACT, a charity organization based in the UK, collaborates with various entities in the housing sector to drive benefits for residents and communities by offering insight-driven products and services that promote innovation and foster collaboration. One of its notable features is the "Social Value Bank," which aids social housing providers in calculating their social return. This bank comprises 88 outcomes, each with a defined financial metric incorporating wellbeing, health, and potential savings to the state. This lab can show any particular stakeholder the evolution on the social return of a specific project.

The outcomes are developed using a consistent methodology, drawing from over eight years of research and national data surveys. They are based on person-centered principles, utilizing data on self-reported wellbeing and life circumstances to measure actual experiences. The process involves setting up projects, selecting outcomes, establishing targets and budgets, and then using the Social Value Bank calculator to model, monitor, and measure project impacts. Subsequently, meaningful reports can be generated to showcase the achieved impact.

This methodology was applied in the Teviot Estate redevelopment project. After extensive consultation with residents, four priority themes emerged: Community, Homes, Streets, and Parks. The aim was to generate £278 million in social return value. Contractors were required to commit to delivering specific outcomes during the tendering process, with commitments varying based on bid amounts. All partners involved in the project were expected to support social value outcomes from the outset, and contractors worked closely with the Teviot Social Value Manager to develop delivery plans and provide progress reports.

To enhance value for the local community, input from local stakeholders was sought to better understand community needs and services. Additionally, the Community Chest Fund provided grant funding to local groups and businesses contributing to the program's outcomes. This approach represents a groundbreaking use of social value in regeneration schemes, characterized by both the scale of the commitment and the comprehensive integration of social value throughout the regeneration plans, from contractors' commitments to the assurance process.

Links

Authors:

CSCAE Consejo Superior de los Colegios de Arquitectos de España

How (un)affordable?, Belgrade

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How (un)affordable?, Belgrade

Mismatches Location Price Functional adequacy Vulnerable groups
Policies and regulations Governance Data and monitoring Evaluation and impact Price control

Main objectives of the project

CMMM, a research project aimed at supporting civil society actors in fostering political transformation, employs critical mapping as a powerful tool to address housing affordability issues in Belgrade. Despite a high percentage of privately owned housing units, a significant portion of the population struggles to access affordable housing due to rising rents and inadequate government intervention. The interactive map, "How (un)affordable is housing in Belgrade?", provides insights into available housing units based on income and preferences, empowering the MoS movement to advocate for rent control legislation and highlighting the potential of data-driven activism in addressing societal challenges.

Date

  • 2023: Implementation

Stakeholders

  • CMMM
  • Ministry of Space

Location

Continent: Europe
Country/Region: Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

Description

CMMM, a practice-oriented research endeavor, was conceived to bolster civil society actors in their endeavors for equitable societies and cities through profound political transformation. Municipalist mobilizers, in their pursuit of altering power dynamics, constantly innovate instruments and mediums. The project prioritized critical mapping as it represents an "act of power," transcending mere theorization to present diverse perspectives on realities, fostering narrative and discourse shifts. Among our interactive maps focusing on housing in European cities, one spotlights Belgrade. Titled "How (un)affordable is housing in Belgrade?" this map aids visitors in grasping the magnitude of the housing issue. It draws from data scraping of housing rental and purchase offers in Belgrade, conducted by VI in May 2022 and again in March 2023. Designed for easy personalization and integration into social media campaigns, it serves as a tool for raising awareness on the topic.

Belgrade stands out for having a high percentage of privately owned housing units (over 95%), yet approximately 80% of its population struggles to access decent and affordable housing. Despite growing private investment in real estate, inadequate housing conditions and evictions due to tenant indebtedness are increasingly common, leaving many households without viable housing solutions. The prevailing approach to addressing housing needs is through the market, but rising rents outpace average incomes, limiting affordable options for most. The proliferation of short-lease rental units, facilitated by platforms like Airbnb, exacerbates the situation, pushing long-term renters into precarious positions with unregulated landlord relations. Over the past three decades, successive center and center-right governments have failed to address this reality or collect comprehensive data to understand the issue, let alone devise sustainable measures for improvement.

The Belgrade city team of CMMM, affiliated with the Ministry of Space (MoS) collective, has long been engaged in scrutinizing urban development dynamics and spatial injustices, with housing as a key focus. Their activities range from studying alternative affordable housing models to advocating for progressive housing solutions and participating in initiatives against forced evictions. Critical mapping, a ubiquitous tool in urban research and activism worldwide, has been integrated into their agenda, enabling the development of critical perspectives, research, and tools to challenge existing realities.

Through "How (un)affordable is housing in Belgrade?" individuals can compare available housing units based on their income and preferences, offering insights into affordability across different areas. This tool has been leveraged by the MoS movement to advocate for rent control legislation. Additionally, as part of the Belgrade project, CMMM has mapped the various stakeholders involved in proposed rent regulation and potential scenarios for its implementation. The approach taken by CMMM Belgrade exemplifies how data can empower social movements to mobilize for improvements in housing affordability, showcasing the potential for data-driven activism in addressing pressing societal issues.

Links

Authors:

CSCAE Consejo Superior de los Colegios de Arquitectos de España